Bipolar Disorder vs Borderline Personality Disorder

Bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are sometimes mixed up in common conversation and the media. However, they are distinct diagnoses with different presentations.

Bipolar Disorder

This diagnosis is classified as a mood disorder, and characterized by cycles of deep depression and mania. Mania, or “manic episodes,” typically have the following symptoms:

• Feelings of euphoria and/or invincibility
• Decreased sleep
• High productivity
• Impulsive behaviour
• Lack of focus
• Rapid speech
• Lasts for at least seven days.

These depressive/manic cycles can vary in duration, with some periods of stability in between. The specifics of the mood swings differ depending on the type of bipolar disorder.

Bipolar 1 involves a more intense manic episode, often involving psychosis-like symptoms, which require hospitalization to ensure the safety of the individual. 

Bipolar 2 involves “hypomania” or a less severe mania, without hallucinations/delusions. On the other hand, bipolar 2 tends to have deeper, longer-lasting depressions.

Both types are largely related to biological differences in the brain and nervous system (though there are many contributing factors), thus it can often be treated with mood stabilizer medications.

Borderline Personality Disorder

BPD is a personality disorder, characterized by extreme emotional, behavioural and psychological dysregulation. It typically involves the following symptoms:

• Very intense emotions
• Unstable relationships
• High fear of abandonment
• Difficulty controlling anger
• Impulsive behaviour
• Self-harm
• Chronic feelings of emptiness

While borderline personality disorder does also involve mood swings, they tend to be rapid and last only for a few hours.

BPD is often related to biological, psychological and environmental factors, thus it’s often treated with psychotherapy. 

Key Similarities

Bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder both involve mood swings. Individuals with either disorder tend to display intense depression, lowered self-esteem and difficulties in relationships.

Key Differences

The mood swings of bipolar disorder last far longer than those of borderline personality disorder. Rapid emotional shifts of BPD are typically triggered by environmental effects (such as an argument with a partner or other forms of stress), whereas bipolar mood swings don’t necessarily have a cause. BD is more rooted in biology, thus it’s better treated with medication. BPD has more psychological factors and is typically more responsive to cognitive therapy.

If you or a loved one is struggling with either (or both) of these disorders, book a free consultation here to learn how we can help.