Beyond PMS: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Individuals who experience a menstrual cycle typically experience mood fluctuations throughout the month. This is due to the changing levels of hormones involved in this cycle, which can affect appetite, sleep, water retention, and emotions. 

Symptoms such as bloating, cramps, fatigue, and poor mood are often associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). This is typical for many period-havers, and occurs approximately a week before menstruation begins. 

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, or PMDD, on the other hand, is far more severe and affects approximately 5% of women. It includes symptoms of depression/anxiety, including intense hopelessness, lack of motivation, anger, fatigue, worry, difficulty concentrating and suicidal thoughts. It is a disabling condition that can affect work, school, relationships and daily life. 

Why Does This Happen?

After ovulation, which is when an egg (female sex cell) is released from the ovary, there is a sharp drop in the hormones estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are related to serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain that helps regulate mood and other bodily functions. 

Though the exact cause of PMDD is not known, researchers found that it may be linked to certain genes that increase an individual’s sensitivity to these hormone fluctuations. 

Diagnosis

Diagnosing PMDD can be tricky, as it may manifest similarly to other conditions. One of the most distinguishing characteristics is the cyclical nature of PMDD. Mood fluctuations that occur around the same time every month are a strong sign. If you think you may have PMDD, it can be useful to track daily moods and symptoms in a journal, for at least three months.

How Is It Treated?

It is always best to consult a doctor prior to trying a new treatment. With general lifestyle changes such as diet, vitamins like magnesium, calcium, and B-6, and exercise, PMDD symptoms can be lessened. Anti-inflammatories can also help, along with hormonal birth control and antidepressants. 

Therapy can also be useful for learning regulation tools and working through difficult PMDD episodes. If PMDD is affecting you, reach out here for a free 20-minute consultation.